I-European Union ixoxa ngesindululo esibangele iingxoxo ezishushu eluntwini. Esi sisicwangciso esifuna ukunyanzela amaqonga okuthumela imiyalezo afana ne-WhatsApp, kunye nababoneleli be-imeyile, ukuskena unxibelelwano lwangasese kwizinto ezinxulumene nokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ngokwesondo (CSAM). Nangona injongo echaziweyo yalo mthetho kukulwa ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kwi-intanethi, abahlalutyi bayo bayaphikisana emele uhlaselo oluthe ngqo kwimfihlo yabemi kunye nesiphelo-to-end encryption, a iteknoloji engundoqo ukukhusela unxibelelwano lwedijithali.
Eli nyathelo, elaziwa ngokuba 'luLawulo lweNgxoxo', lahlula amazwe angamalungu kunye neengcali zokhuseleko lwedijithali. Ngelixa amanye amazwe, anjengeSpeyin, exhasa eli nyathelo, amanye anjengeJamani neNetherlands aye abonakalisa inkcaso eqinileyo. Ngeli xesha, abasebenzisi bavakalise inkxalabo malunga iingozi zobuntlola kunye nokunyhashwa kwamalungelo asisiseko.
Yintoni 'uLawulo lweNgxoxo' kwaye esi siphakamiso senzeke njani?
'Ulawulo lweNgxoxo' ligama eliqhelekileyo esaziwa ngalo esi sindululo esivela kwiKhomishini yaseYurophu. Isicwangciso saqala ukuzotywa ngoMeyi ka-2022, xa inguqulo yokuqala yavezwa ukuba iiplatifomu ezinyanzelekileyo ezifana ne-WhatsApp, iTelegram kunye ne-Gmail ukuhlalutya lonke unxibelelwano ekufuneni umxholo ongekho mthethweni. Oku kuquka imiyalezo ekhuselweyo ngoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo oluya ekupheleni.
Ingqiqo emva kwalo mlinganiselo inani elothusayo lamatyala okuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ngokwesondo kwi-intanethi. Ngokutsho kwengxelo yeSave the Children, zingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300 iimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ezinikelwa ingxelo kwi-Intanethi minyaka le, yaye mzuzwana ngamnye kufunyanwa ityala elitsha. Nangona kunjalo, Umbono wokuhlalutya umyalezo ngamnye, nokuba unjani na, iye yagxekwa kabukhali ziingcali nabemi.
Emva kokuba isigxeko sifunyenwe, inguqulelo ehlaziyiweyo yanikezelwa ngoJuni ka-2024. Le ndlela intsha igxile ekuskeneni kuphela iifoto, iividiyo kunye namakhonkco ekwabelwana ngawo, ukushiya ngaphandle imiyalezo kunye nemiyalezo yomsindo. Ukongeza, kwaphakanyiswa ukuba abasebenzisi kufuneka banike imvume ecacileyo yokuskena. Nangona kunjalo, Utshintsho aluzange lunciphise inkxalabo malunga nokuphulwa okunokwenzeka kobumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko lwedijithali.
Iingozi zesicwangciso ngokweengcali kunye namatsha ntliziyo
Iingcali zabucala ziye zayihlela le projekthi njengenzame zokubeka iliso kuninzi olungacaluliyo. UPatrick Breyer, u-MEP wePirate Party, uye wachaza ukuba esi siphakamiso sibandakanya "ukuhlolwa kwexesha langempela" eliphazamisa amalungelo abalulekileyo afana nobumfihlo kunye nenkululeko yokuthetha. Ngaphandle koko, Qaphela ukuba nakuphi na ukuncitshiswa kwamandla okugqibela ukuya ekupheleni kwe-encryption kudala ubuthathaka obuxhatshazwa ngabaphuli be-intanethi.
Kwelakhe icala, uMeredith Whittaker, umongameli weqonga leSiginali, ugxininise ukuba esi sicwangciso "sisigaqa esidala esifanayo, esinelebhile eyahlukileyo." UWhittaker ugxininise ukuba ukubeka esichengeni ukubethelwa kubeka ukhuseleko lwezigidi zabasebenzisi emngciphekweni kwaye ivula iingcango zeempazamo kunye nempatho-gadalala.
Omnye umngcipheko omkhulu kukunokwenzeka kweempazamo kwii-algorithms ezisetyenziselwa ukuskena. Ukuba ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa buwubeka ngendlela engeyiyo umxholo womthetho njengongekho mthethweni, iziphumo zinokuba yingozi kubasebenzisi abachaphazelekayo, abanokujongana nophando olungafanelekanga.
ISpain kunye 'noLawulo lweNgxoxo'
ISpain lelinye lamazwe azibonakalise kakhulu ukuba liyasixhasa esi siphakamiso. UMphathiswa Wezangaphakathi, uFernando Grande-Marlaska, uye wakhusela umlinganiselo, ephikisa ukuba kubalulekile ukulwa nokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kwi-Intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, esi sikhundla siye sabuzwa, ukususela ngoko Inqaku le-18 loMgaqo-siseko waseSpain ngokwalo liqinisekisa imfihlo yonxibelelwano ngaphandle komyalelo wenkundla.
Lo mlinganiso uya kubachaphazela njani abemi?
Ukuphunyezwa 'koLawulo lweNgxoxo' kunokuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kubomi bedijithali babasebenzisi baseYurophu. Abemi banokujamelana nokulahlekelwa bubumfihlo ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Amaqonga afana ne-WhatsApp, iTelegram okanye iSiginali iya kunyanzelwa ukuba iskene iifoto, iividiyo kunye namakhonkco owabelana ngawo, nakunxibelelwano olufihliweyo.
Eyona nto ixhalabisayo yile umngcipheko wala manyathelo okusetyenziswa ngabaphuli-mthetho be-cybercriminal ukufikelela kwidatha eyimfihlo. Ukufihlwa kokuphela ukuya ekupheleni kuvula umnyango onobungozi onokuthi usetyenziselwe iinjongo ezikhohlakeleyo.
Kwakhona, I-algorithms enoxanduva lokubona umxholo okrokrisayo ayifezekanga. Impazamo inokukhokelela kwizityholo zobuxoki kunye neengxaki zomthetho kubasebenzisi abangenatyala. Kukwakho noloyiko lokuba iza kumiselwa izinto ezandulelayo ezivumela ucupho oluhlaselayo ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo.
Sisiphi isikhundla amanye amazwe e-EU anaso?
Ngelixa iSpain kunye namanye amazwe anjengeHungary kunye neIreland bebonise inkxaso yabo kulo mlinganiso, kukho inkcaso eqinileyo evela kumazwe afana neJamani, iNetherlands kunye neOstriya. Ngokutsho kwetshantliziyo uPatrick Breyer, Amanye amazwe anoloyiko lokuba esi sindululo linyathelo lokuqala lokucupha abantu abaninzi engazange ibonwe kwimbali yeManyano yaseYurophu.
Ingxoxo phakathi kwe-EU isekude ukuphela, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba uthethwano olongezelelweyo luya kuba yimfuneko ukufikelela kwimvumelwano malunga nalo mqathango ophikisanayo.
Umzabalazo phakathi kokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwe-intanethi kunye nokukhusela amalungelo asisiseko abasebenzisi iya kuqhubeka ingumba ophambili kwikamva lomthetho wedijithali waseYurophu.